Plants that can be used in phytoremediation pdf

This work may also be used to help guide research, development, and regulation. To overcome this environmental problem, phytoremediation represents an urgent need, providing green cleanup of contaminated lands. Hyperaccumulators can absorb more heavy metals than is present in the soil in which they are growing. Plants for phytoremediation phytoremediation involves the use of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize andor degrade contaminants in soil, sediment, and water hughes et al. The plant is used as an ornamental grass in gardens, as well as for phytoremediation. Arsenic as from coal fly ash can be released into soilgroundwater, presenting a global threat to the environment and human health. It is used of plants and trees to clean up polluted soil and water. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Not every plant species can be used for phytoremediation. Recently, phytoremediation as a cost effective and environmentally friendly technology has been developed by scientists and engineers in which biomassmicroorganisms or live plants are used to remediate the polluted areas. Aquatic plants can be used in bioremediation phytoremediation especially to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in.

A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. By compiling the published and unpublished work, research repetition can be avoided, and areas of opportunity that need attention should be clear. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. It was one of the first webenabled applications deve\. Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, andor destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. The plants can be used for the phytoremediation, these mechanisms include enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, hydraulic control, phytodegradation and phytovolatilization. Use of plant roots for phytoremediation and molecular. Phytoremediation is also a potentially profitable technology as the resulting biomass can be used for heat and energy production in specialized facilities. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments.

From there, the contaminated plant parts can be deposited in designated areas. Dec 24, 2007 phytoremediation, also referred as botanical bioremediation chaney et al. A major limitation in the phytoremediation of toxic elements is the maximal level that can be accumulated by plants. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Seed germination of several grass, legume, and cereal species declined with an increase in used oil concentration. In this manuscript, we summarize the 91 current progress on the use of halophytes, the tolerance mechanisms of halophytes to 92 salt and heavy metal toxicity, and the phytoremediation potential of halophytes in 93 heavy metalcontaminated saline soils. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils.

At metals contaminated sites, plants are used either to stabilise or remove the metals from the soil and ground water through mechanisms such as phytoextraction. Contaminated soils and waters pose a major environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging phytoremediation technology. Phytoremediation involves several specific subsets, of which phytoextraction and phytodegradation are currently the most developed for the phytoremediation of metals and organics in. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Alternative agriculture, which expands the uses of plants well beyond food and fiber, is beginning to change plant biology. Some aquatic plants accumulate metals and many species suffer phytoxicity while. In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its roots, supplying. Pdf phytoremediation is an emerging costeffective, nonintrusive, esthetically. Pb, cd, cu, ni, zn and cr can be extracted using rhizofiltration. May 30, 2019 not every plant species can be used for phytoremediation. The present study focused on as concentrations in fly ash and plants, evaluation of phytoremediation potential of dactylis.

Ahalya and ramachandra 2006 reported that to absorb or degrade the pollutants, phytoremediation is being increasingly adopted where certain plants used are belonging to brassicaceae. The technique of rhizofiltration is used for the remediation of waste water by aquatic or land plants henry, 2000. Pdf phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants researchgate. Thermal power plants using coal as major fuel for production of electricity worldwide generate large amounts of combustion coal residues ccrs, such as fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag and flues gas desulphurization materials heidrich et al. Phytoremediation, also referred as botanical bioremediation chaney et al. Two plantbased biotechnologies were recently developed that take advantage of the ability of plant roots to absorb or secrete various substances. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. Actually, metal uptake by plants can play a key role in the entry of metals to terrestrial. They are i phytoextraction, the use of plants to remove pollutants from the environment and ii rhizosecretion, a.

Hence, the needs for this study phytoremediation a more environment friendly technique. Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with used motor oil. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is a passive technique that can be used to clean up sites with shallow, low to moderate levels of contamination. First named by carolus linneaus in 1753 native to central asia in the family cannabacea other members include humulus and celtis has been used for 10,000 years, one of first cultivated plants. Plants with the highest levels of toxic metal contents, known as hyperaccumulators, generally exhibit, on a dry weight basis, from about 2000 ppm 0. Nov, 2018 metalaccumulating plants, in phytoremediation of toxic metals. Mar 01, 2018 phytoremediation inside ornamental plants involves several processes gao 2014.

Conditioning of heavy metalpolluted river sediment by cannabis sativa l. However, what is unknown is that indian mustard removed radioactive cs7 from chernobyl phytoremediation of radiocesiumcontaminated soil in the vicinity of chernobyl, ukraine in the 80. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. For example, water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes has been used for purifying not only domestic wastewater but also industrial wastewater. Plants can be used for pollutant stabilization, extraction, degradation, or volatilization.

It can be categorized into various applications, including. Because of its low cost technology phytoremedation can become a very useful technology for the. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated. Plants are known to be able to accumulate many heavy metals 9. Introduction to phytoremediation phytoremediation is a broad term that has been in use since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media mccutcheon 2003. Draft 5 89 focusing on the recent advances in phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated 90 saline soils using halophytes remain rare. Phytoremediation is a set of processes that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize and destroy organicinorganic contamination in ground water, surface water, and soil. Because of its low cost technology phytoremedation can become a very useful technology for the developing nations like india where there is shortage of. An overview phytoremediation is described as a natural process carried out by plants and trees in the cleaning up and stabilization of contaminated soils and ground water. What is the fate of plants used in phytoremediation. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils.

Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination. Ecological potential of plants for phytoremediation and. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate environmental media. This costeffective plantbased approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and. Remediation refers to a remedy, and in this case, a remedy for soil contamination whether it be located in the garden or across a large landscape area. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. It is actually a generic term for several ways in which plants can be used for these purposes. Phytoremediation is a green emerging technology used to remove pollutants from environment components. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. Phytoremediation, the use of plants in remediation, is one such technology. Phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of anthropogenic origin, with the aim of restoring area.

Several aquatic plants have been shown to have the ability to filter contaminants on polluted water brooks and robinson, 1998. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. A list of plants used in phytoremediation is given in table 9. The use of plants to transport and concentrate metals from the soil into the harvestable. Mechanisms used to remediate soils contaminated by heavy metal are.

Phytoremediation literally translates as restoring balance, and can be described as the treatment of environmental like toxic heavy metals problems through the use of plants, that mitigate the environmental problem, without the need to excavate the contaminant material and dispose of it elsewhere. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. Creating a receptacle to collect and decompose plants used for phytoremediation so that the organic remains can be utilized in building projects where the bioaccumulated substances are unlikely. Toxic substances may enter the food chain via grazers, birds, or other animals that consume leaves or seeds of plants used for. Some of these plants have been used to clean up soils contaminated with pesticides and heavy metals. Phytoremediation is a costeffective green technology based on the use of plants to remove, metabolize, assimilate, or adsorb hazardous materials in soil wu et al. Natural resources conservation service national plant data team npdt nrcs.

Continuous phytoextraction requires the use of plants that accumulate par. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has only grown significantly in the last 25 years. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms. Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil.

This plant based technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly technology. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water. The degradation of used motor oil in soil as affected by plant treatment phytoremediation was assessed in a growth chamber study. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami. The term phytoremediation phyto plant and remediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated saline soils. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has gained acceptance in the past 10 years as a costeffective, noninvasive alternative or complementary technology for engineeringbased remediation methods. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information to choose. Chelates are used to enhance the phytoextraction of a number of metal contaminants including cd, cu, ni, pb, and zn. It is a technology that uses plants to treat environmental pollution problems.

The plants database was first put on the web in late 1994 or early 1995. Here is where plants used in phytoremediation enter the area. A plant that is able to take up more metals than normal plants is called a hyperaccumulator. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps.

Phytoremediation, heavy metals, hyper accumulators, transgenic plants. This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. A few examples of plants that are employed for rhizofiltration are sunflower, tobacco, spinach, rye and indian mustard.

It is an emerging technology that can be applied to both organic and inorganic pollutants present in the soil, water or air salt et al. Furthermore, it is an important forage grass throughout europe. Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and byproduct utilization. Phytoremediation can be used to clean up metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. The term, phytoremediation, can be best understood by breaking the word into two parts.